Final answer:
Relative dating through typology involves comparing artifacts to establish a chronological order, utilizing concepts such as stratigraphy and seriation. Stratigraphy uses the principle of superposition while seriation orders artifacts based on characteristics and frequency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fundamental concepts underlying the technique of relative dating through typology focus on comparing artifacts such as spearpoints to similar items, often to establish a chronological order without exact dates. The assumption in typology-based relative dating is that similar objects that come from different layers or archaeological sites can be placed into a sequence where their physical characteristics evolve over time. This sequence helps in establishing which artifacts are older or newer relatively to one another.
Stratigraphy, which is another critical concept in relative dating uses the principle of superposition. The law of superposition states that deeper strata are older, which means artifacts found in lower layers are relatively older than those in upper layers. Lastly, seriation is a relative dating method where artifacts from a single culture are arranged chronologically based on their physical attributes or frequency.