Final answer:
Underwater excavation requires specialized tools and techniques, and teams face challenges like sediment interference and visibility issues. Water currents and pressure also significantly affect the excavation process. False statements claim underwater excavation is unaffected by water currents, requires no special techniques, and is not impacted by water pressure at depth.
Step-by-step explanation:
Underwater excavation is a complex process that archaeological teams confront with a variety of tools, techniques, and specialized equipment. Statement B, “Divers often use specialized tools and equipment for underwater excavation,” applies because excavating underwater sites, such as shipwrecks, requires tools that can function effectively in aquatic environments. Statement C, “Sediment and visibility can be significant challenges in underwater excavation,” is also true as low visibility can hinder the process, and sediment can cloud the area being worked on or cover artifacts, making excavation difficult. Engaging in controlled excavations ensures the preservation and proper documentation of archaeological finds.
On the contrary, statements A, D, and E are false, as underwater excavation is greatly affected by water currents, requires special techniques, and water pressure at deeper depths can significantly impact both the excavation process and the safety of the divers involved. The field of nautical archaeology has developed precisely to address these unique challenges and enhance the scientific study of underwater sites.