Final answer:
The correct term for the layers of an archaeological site is 'Strata'. Stratigraphy is the method used to identify the order of these layers, with each layer being referred to as a stratum.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct alternative terms for the layers of an archaeological site are A) Strata. In archaeology, stratigraphy is the process of identifying the order and relative positions of these layers, which are also known as strata. A single layer is referred to as a stratum. The stratigraphic superposition is a relative dating method that assumes artifacts found within a stratum, or that cut across several strata, are younger than the stratum itself. This method is an essential part of archaeological excavation and analysis, providing a basis for determining the relative ages of cultural and natural layers and their contents.