Final answer:
The horizontal method of excavation pertains to excavating wide, shallow areas, often used in archaeology and geology to study rock layers and locate resources; it is not for vertical structures like skyscrapers.
Step-by-step explanation:
The open-area or horizontal method of excavation involves excavating wide and shallow areas rather than digging deep vertical shafts or creating tunnels. This method is typically used for archaeological digs, landscape leveling, and certain construction projects, but not for constructing skyscrapers which require deep foundations. In geology, when a hydrogeologist is seeking the best source of groundwater, they may use the horizontal method to analyze rock layers and identify potential aquifers. Controlled excavations in archaeology adhere to safe and secure practices to protect artifacts and sites, also utilizing horizontal methods to provide context and minimize damage.