Final answer:
Stratigraphy is used to reveal stratification by examining the sequential layering of soil, allowing for the relative dating of artifacts. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are utilized to reveal spatial relationships between artifacts, helping archaeologists map and understand artifact distribution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Stratigraphy is used to reveal stratification, while Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is used to reveal spatial relationships between artifacts. Therefore, the correct answer is: A) Stratigraphy; Geographic Information Systems (GIS).
Stratigraphy is based on the observation that soil is deposited in successive layers or strata. The oldest layers of soil, and any artifacts within them, will appear beneath more recent layers. This method of relative dating allows scientists to establish the relative ages of artifacts by examining their position within these layers.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS), on the other hand, are used to analyze and interpret the spatial relationships between artifacts. GIS technology provides archaeologists with tools to map out the locations of artifacts and understand their distribution across a site or region, revealing how different objects and features were related in space.