Final answer:
Durkheim theorized that society always desired social cohesion and integration. He was concerned that the decrease in social solidarity, or anomie, could lead to societal unhappiness and division. He emphasized the importance of collective behavior and shared values in maintaining social stability.
Thus, the correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
Émile Durkheim theorized that society always desired social cohesion and integration (B). As a functionalist, Durkheim believed the societal changes brought about by industrialization could potentially lead to unhappiness due to a decrease in social solidarity, a phenomenon he termed anomie. In his work, Durkheim analyzed how religion supports community by binding people together, promoting behavior consistency, and offering strength during life's transitions and tragedies. His concern was that the cultural glue that maintained society was failing, leading to increased division among people.
In his book 'The Division of Labor in Society', Durkheim argued that as society became more complex, the social order transitioned from mechanical to organic solidarity. He postulated that society is a complex system with interrelated and interdependent parts, held together by shared values, languages, and symbols, which govern social life. Thus, while individual behavior is important, Durkheim emphasized the significance of collective behavior and societal norms in maintaining social stability.
Therefore, the correct option is B. Social cohesion and integration.