Final answer:
The primary diagnostic measures for unstable angina include an Electrocardiogram (ECG), Echocardiography, and Coronary angiography, with blood tests for creatine kinase MB and cardiac troponin also being crucial for diagnosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Unstable angina is a condition in which the heart does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood, often leading to chest pain or discomfort. This is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. The main diagnostic measures for unstable angina include:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities that indicate ischemia or presence of myocardial infarction (MI).
- Echocardiography: This ultrasound-based test can assess cardiac function and determine whether areas of the heart muscle are not contracting properly due to insufficient blood supply.
- Coronary angiography: This invasive procedure involves using contrast dye and X-ray imaging to view the coronary arteries and identify any blockages.
- Blood pressure monitoring: Though not specific to unstable angina, it's an important vital sign that can indicate overall cardiovascular health.
In addition, blood tests that measure markers of cardiac injury such as creatine kinase MB and cardiac troponin are important in diagnosing an acute coronary event. These substances are released when the heart muscle is damaged.