Final answer:
The serum biomarkers for diagnosing Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) are Troponin, Creatine Kinase-MB, and Myoglobin. These markers are specific indicators of cardiac muscle damage and are crucial in confirming a myocardial infarction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Serum Biomarkers in Diagnostic Measures for ACS
For the diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), several serum biomarkers are considered pivotal. The correct answer for the diagnostic biomarkers used in ACS is B. Troponin, Creatine Kinase-MB, and Myoglobin. Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) is an enzyme that becomes elevated in the blood after a myocardial infarction (heart attack), and it is one of the key substances measured to assess cardiac muscle damage. Its levels increase rapidly and can be detected soon after a heart attack occurs. Similarly, cardiac troponin is a regulatory protein that exhibits elevated levels following cardiac muscle cell injury, becoming a highly specific indicator for myocardial injury.
Serum biomarkers like creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in its MB isoenzyme form and cardiac troponin are indicative of muscle damage and are crucial in confirming a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Elevated levels of these markers provide key evidence that cardiac muscle tissue has been damaged. Other non-functional plasma enzymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), also play roles in different diagnostic measures but are not as specific to ACS as troponin and CK-MB.