Final answer:
An oligarchy is a government where a small elite group holds political power, making it similar to a plutocracy, where the wealthy rule, but neither term is mentioned as an option for the question which sought a specific term for oligarchy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Oligarchy is a form of government in which all political power is concentrated in the hands of a small, elite group. This ruling class may gain their position through wealth, military strength, or other forms of influence, rather than through hereditary or divine right, which distinguishes it from a monarchy. An oligarchic government differs from a democracy, where a larger portion of the population has a role in governing decisions.
In response to the student's question: An oligarchy is a government ruled by a few powerful people. The closest option available is B) Plutocracy, which implies a government by the wealthy, or a small group of wealthy elite, which can be considered a form of oligarchy. However, the exact term 'oligarchy' is not listed among the options provided.