Final answer:
Analytical studies refer to research methods selected based on their strengths and the specific research question. Types include observational studies like cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort, as well as social research methods such as surveys and ethnographic studies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The types of analytical study you may be referring to can belong to different fields of research and are categorized based on their methodology and purpose. In social research, different types of study designs are utilized to explore social phenomena. One common classification includes observational studies, which are descriptive studies that do not involve manipulations by the researcher. Specifically, the three types of observational studies are cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies. In addition, there are at least five kinds of social research methods that include surveys, ethnographic field research, formal and informal interviews, historical secondary data analysis, and content analysis. Each method has its strengths and limitations and is chosen based on the specific research question and context.
Moreover, in the context of psychology or business, for example, different analytical tasks may include conducting studies or reports that compare and contrast, analyze causes and effects, examine problems to recommend solutions, or conduct research to report results, among others.