Final answer:
To manage epistaxis, reassure the patient, have them lean forward, and pinch the nose, applying a cold compress if needed. If there's concern for influenza, as in this patient with recent flu-like symptoms, a rapid influenza test should be performed. Antiviral medication may be recommended for confirmed flu, and further preventative measures for epistaxis should be advised.
Step-by-step explanation:
Your patient is experiencing epistaxis, which is the medical term for a nosebleed. It's important to provide reassurance and to help them stay calm. Have the patient sit down and lean forward slightly to avoid swallowing blood. Pinching the soft part of the nose, applying a cold compress to the bridge of the nose, and remaining seated for about 10-15 minutes often helps to stop the bleed. Avoid laying flat or putting your head between your legs. If the bleeding is severe, persistent, or if the patient has any underlying conditions that could be related (such as hypertension, a bleeding disorder, or they are on anticoagulant medications), further medical assessment may be needed.
If the patient's episode of epistaxis was preceded by symptoms of influenza and he is currently undergoing diagnostic tests as described, additional influenza testing may be prudent, specifically a rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) or a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test to confirm influenza.
In terms of treatment, if the test results confirm influenza, antiviral medication may be recommended, especially if the symptoms have started within the last 48 hours. Symptomatic relief for the flu includes rest, hydration, and possibly antipyretics for fever. For epistaxis, preventative measures may include humidifying the air, keeping the nasal passages moist with saline sprays, and avoiding nasal irritants. Should the nosebleed episodes be frequent or severe, the patient might be referred to an otolaryngologist.