Final answer:
E) Ophthalmoscope. An ophthalmoscope is the correct instrument for examining the eyes, allowing healthcare professionals to see the interior surface of the eye and diagnose various conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The instrument used to examine the eyes is an ophthalmoscope. An ophthalmoscope is a medical device that allows healthcare professionals to observe the interior surface of the eye, which includes structures such as the retina, optic disc, choroid, and blood vessels. The use of an ophthalmoscope is crucial in diagnosing conditions like glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration, among others. It is a non-invasive, painless procedure.
Other instruments listed, such as the stethoscope, otoscope, sphygmomanometer, and speculum, are used for different purposes. A stethoscope is used to listen to the internal sounds of the body such as the heart and lungs. An otoscope is used to examine the ear canal and tympanic membrane. A sphygmomanometer measures blood pressure, and a speculum is used to dilate body orifices for examination, commonly in the context of gynecological exams.