Final answer:
A normal map shader is a graphic programming technique used to simulate detailed surface textures on 3D models by manipulating surface normals through a texture map, enabling realistic graphics while maintaining computational efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
What is a Normal Map Shader?
A normal map shader is a type of shader in computer graphics that uses a normal map to create the illusion of complex surface details on 3D models without adding additional polygons. The normal map contains information about the angles of the surface normals, which are perturbed to create the appearance of depth and detail when light interacts with the model. This technique is widely used in gaming and film to provide high levels of detail with relatively low computational cost.
The process of normal mapping involves applying a texture map with rgb values that correspond to the x, y, and z coordinates of a surface normal vector. These perturbed normals alter the way light interacts with the surface, giving the impression of shadows and highlights that would exist if the detailed geometry were actually there. It is an essential technique for achieving realistic texturing of 3D models within a limited polygon budget.