Final answer:
When evaluating utilitarianism with respect to consequences, the aspect to be considered is A) Actual vs. foreseeable consequences. Utilitarianism emphasizes the greatest good for the greatest number, focusing on both actual outcomes and what could reasonably be predicted, impacting moral judgments.
Step-by-step explanation:
When evaluating utilitarianism and considering the aspect of consequences, the most appropriate answer is A) Actual vs. foreseeable consequences. Utilitarian philosophy focuses on the outcomes of actions and stresses that the measure of rightness is based on the greatest good for the greatest number. In this context, both actual consequences, which are the outcomes that do occur, and foreseeable consequences, which are outcomes that could reasonably be predicted, are vital to consider. The distinction between actual and foreseeable consequences is crucial because an agent might intend to produce certain outcomes, but if those intentions don't lead to the expected results, or lead to unintended harm, the agent can still be morally at fault.
Furthermore, in utilitarian theory, questions such as 'What are the future results of the choice you make today?' or 'What could be the unintended consequences of this choice?' highlight the importance of forecasting and understanding both intended and potential indirect consequences of any given action.
Act Utilitarians focus on the consequences of individual acts, while Rule Utilitarians consider the consequences of adhering to rules that, if followed generally, would lead to the greatest good. This distinction helps when faced with moral dilemmas, such as whether a doctor should disclose a grave diagnosis to a patient, considering the impact on the patient's well-being.