Final answer:
ACD systems enhance basic 911 by providing the caller's phone number and address. They are essential for routing emergency calls and improving response efficiency, along with other technologies such as the Internet, GPS, and GIS.
Step-by-step explanation:
Enhanced 911 systems (E911) automatically provide the caller's telephone number and physical address, and the correct answer to the student's question is D) ACD, which stands for Automatic Call Distribution.
While both Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can be integral parts of modern emergency response systems, offering capabilities such as mapping and tracking, ACD systems are specifically associated with routing calls based on the caller's information.
When considering the impact of new information technologies, technologies like the Internet, GPS, and GIS have vastly improved the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency response services as well as numerous other sectors by facilitating better communication, data analysis, and logistical support.