Final answer:
An outstanding claim on a property that limits the ability to sell it is known as a lien, which is a legal right or interest that a creditor has in a property until a debt is satisfied.
Step-by-step explanation:
An outstanding claim on a property that limits the ability to sell the property is known as a lien. A lien is a legal right or interest that a creditor has in another's property, lasting usually until a debt or duty that it secures is satisfied. In comparison, an easement is a right to cross or otherwise use someone else's land for a specific purpose, while an encroachment involves the intrusion without right onto another person's property. A covenant, on the other hand, is an agreement or promise to do or not to do something relating to a property, often found in the form of restrictive covenants in property deeds which stipulate certain conditions or limitations on the use of the land.