Final answer:
Erickson's Psychosocial Theory provides a framework to understand major development and social changes across a person's lifespan.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that provided a framework to understand major development and social changes that a person experiences across their lifespan is Erickson's Psychosocial Theory (option B).
Erickson proposed that our social interactions and successful completion of social tasks shape our sense of self and that personality development takes place all through the lifespan. His theory includes eight stages of development, beginning with birth and ending with death. According to Erikson, people move through these stages throughout their lives.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development (option A) focuses on how children think and reason as they move through various stages, while Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory of Development (option C) emphasizes the role of culture and social interactions in human development. Super and Harkness’ Developmental Niche (option D) is not a well-known theory of development.