Final answer:
The three gangs that have controlled Rio for over the past twenty years are Comando Vermelho, Terceiro Comando Puro, and Amigos dos Amigos. Answer D) All of the above correctly encompasses these influential criminal organizations.
Step-by-step explanation:
In relation to the question about control in Rio for over the past twenty years, D) All of the above is the correct answer. The three gangs that have had significant control over parts of Rio de Janeiro are: A) Comando Vermelho (Red Command), B) Terceiro Comando Puro (Pure Third Command), and C) Amigos dos Amigos (Friends of Friends).
These criminal organizations have been involved in various illicit activities ranging from drug trafficking to armed conflict with each other and law enforcement. While the dynamics of power can shift, these groups have remained some of the most dominant in Rio's criminal underworld over the past two decades.