Final answer:
Only Statement 1 is true; surface disinfectants must be tuberculocidal and effective against both hydrophilic and lipophilic viruses. Hydrophilic viruses are not universally harder to kill than lipophilic; it depends on various factors. The correct answer is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of this question pertains to the criteria for effective surface disinfectants and the characteristics of hydrophilic and lipophilic viruses. Statement 1 is true as an acceptable surface disinfectant must be tuberculocidal and capable of killing both hydrophilic and lipophilic viruses to ensure broad-spectrum microbial control.
Statement 2 is a generalization and can be misleading. While some hydrophilic viruses may be tougher to eradicate due to their lack of a lipid envelope which common disinfectants target, there is no universal rule stating that hydrophilic viruses are inherently harder to kill than lipophilic viruses.
Factors such as the concentration of the disinfectant, contact time, and environmental conditions play significant roles in determining a disinfectant's effectiveness against specific viruses
Examples of surfaces that can be coated with disinfectants include doorknobs or clinical surfaces to prevent the transmission of microbes.
The phenol coefficient measures the effectiveness of a disinfectant relative to phenol; if a disinfectant is more effective than phenol, its phenol coefficient would be greater than 1.0.
The overall efficacy of a disinfectant is also influenced by variables such as exposure length, temperature, pH, as well as potential interferences from organic materials or biofilms.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. Only Statement 1 is true.