Explanation:
a. Larry is a tax protester and files his tax return in the name of "Mickey Mouse."
Nature of the Penalty: Fraudulent Return
Amount of the Penalty: The penalty for filing a fraudulent return can be up to 75% of the underpayment due to fraud.
b. Anne writes a check for $900 in payment of her taxes that she knows will not clear the bank due to insufficient funds in her account.
Nature of the Penalty: Bad Check Penalty
Amount of the Penalty: The penalty for writing a bad check can include both a penalty fee and interest on the unpaid tax amount. The fee varies by state.
c. Gerald understated his tax liability by $10,000. The total amount of tax that should have been shown on his return was $70,000.
Nature of the Penalty: Underpayment Penalty
Amount of the Penalty: The underpayment penalty is typically calculated based on the amount of tax underpaid and the time it remains unpaid. The penalty rate can vary, but it is often a percentage of the underpayment.