Final answer:
A scale where each unit is an exponential increase over the previous unit is called a Logarithmic Scale, used for graphing a wide range of values and on the Richter scale for earthquakes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for a scale in which each unit is an exponential increase over the previous unit is a Logarithmic Scale. On such a scale, for a log base 10, each successive mark represents a value that is 10 times the value before it, so the scale would be numbered 0, 10, 100, 1,000, etc. This type of scale can cover a very large range of values. The logarithmic scale is particularly useful when graphing data that span several orders of magnitude, such as the range of temperatures in nature or the relative sizes of structures. It is also used on the Richter scale, where ground movement due to earthquakes is plotted on a logarithmic scale.