Question

Which of the following helps explain the failed government response of Hurricane Katrina?

1. Centralized decision-making and coordination.
2. Effective communication between federal and state agencies.
3. Adequate preparation and resources allocation.
4. Poor coordination, communication, and leadership.

Answer 1

The failed response to Hurricane Katrina can be attributed to poor coordination, communication, and leadership among federal and state levels of government. 4. Poor coordination, communication, and leadership.

Step-by-step explanation:

The failed government response of Hurricane Katrina is best explained by option 4: Poor coordination, communication, and leadership. Multiple levels of government failed to effectively collaborate and respond promptly to the disaster. The inability of federal and state authorities to agree on the control of rescue attempts, President Bush's underestimation of the disaster's magnitude, and the ineffective coordination by FEMA under Michael D. Brown's leadership all contributed to the inadequate response. Additional factors such as economic inequality, racial divisions, and ineffective evacuation of vulnerable populations exacerbated the situation, revealing a problematic intergovernmental dynamic in times of crisis.

The failures highlighted the complex challenges of federalism during natural disasters, where jurisdictional uncertainties can result in delayed actions and poor resource allocations. The lessons learned led to suggestions for improving preparedness, communication, management of resources, and leadership during future disasters, emphasizing the importance of a cooperative federalism.

Answer 2

The failed response to Hurricane Katrina can be attributed to poor coordination, communication, and leadership among federal and state levels of government. 4. Poor coordination, communication, and leadership.

Step-by-step explanation:

The failed government response of Hurricane Katrina is best explained by option 4: Poor coordination, communication, and leadership. Multiple levels of government failed to effectively collaborate and respond promptly to the disaster. The inability of federal and state authorities to agree on the control of rescue attempts, President Bush's underestimation of the disaster's magnitude, and the ineffective coordination by FEMA under Michael D. Brown's leadership all contributed to the inadequate response. Additional factors such as economic inequality, racial divisions, and ineffective evacuation of vulnerable populations exacerbated the situation, revealing a problematic intergovernmental dynamic in times of crisis.

The failures highlighted the complex challenges of federalism during natural disasters, where jurisdictional uncertainties can result in delayed actions and poor resource allocations. The lessons learned led to suggestions for improving preparedness, communication, management of resources, and leadership during future disasters, emphasizing the importance of a cooperative federalism.