Final answer:
Proponents of the 'strong cognition hypothesis' believe that language acquisition is significantly influenced by innate cognitive structures and processes, supporting the idea that children have a biological predisposition for language learning, which is a natural part of cognitive development.
Step-by-step explanation:
Proponents of the "strong cognition hypothesis" in the context of language acquisition and development believe in the significance of innate cognitive structures and processes in language learning. This viewpoint underscores the role of biology and internal mental capacities in contrast to external environmental factors alone. Early theorists like B. F. Skinner focused on reinforcement and environmental factors, while Noam Chomsky highlighted the innate biological predisposition for language acquisition through the concept of a language acquisition device (LAD). The hypothesis emphasizes that while environmental factors like interaction and social immersion play a role, the primary driver behind language development is the inherent cognitive abilities that humans are born with.
Regarding the options provided in the question, the correct answer would be C: They believe in the significance of innate cognitive structures and processes in language learning. The strong cognition hypothesis aligns with Noam Chomsky's criticism of behaviorist approaches and supports the idea that children are endowed with a biological facility for language that unfolds naturally over time, with a critical period for language acquisition being early in life.