Final answer:
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis classically presents as pulmonary nodules and cavitary lesions; it affects the respiratory tract and kidneys, involving small to medium-sized blood vessels. Diagnosis often requires chest imaging and can include symptoms like hemoptysis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The classic presentation of Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously known as Wegener’s granulomatosis, is most accurately described by option C: Pulmonary nodules and cavitary lesions. GPA is a form of vasculitis that affects small to medium-sized blood vessels and often involves the respiratory tract and the kidneys.
Typical presentations include pulmonary symptoms such as hemoptysis (coughing up blood), the presence of pulmonary nodules, and sometimes cavitary lesions, which can be detected on chest imaging. In addition to these respiratory manifestations, the kidneys can be affected leading to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, which is an inflammation of the small blood vessels in the kidneys (glomeruli).
However, in terms of options provided, descriptions A (Nephrotic syndrome) and D (Chronic gastritis) are not classics presentations, and B (Severe asthma attacks) can occur due to other underlying causes and does not fit the characteristic pathology of GPA.