Final answer:
The individual described with an incredible memory and who has memorized numerous cases is likely a Lawyer, as indicated by the aspects of their profession and attire.
Step-by-step explanation:
The profession of the person being described, who has an incredible memory, is well spoken, and has earned distinction, honor, and money due to memorizing many cases, is most likely a Lawyer.
This is evident from the description of the individual being involved in a profession that deals with cases, public speaking, and the handling of rich men's bonds and mortgages.
Additionally, the reference to robes and ties is often associated with the formal attire worn by lawyers.