Final answer:
Contextual performance refers to behaviors and actions that go beyond regular job duties and improve the effectiveness of an organization. Adaptive performance is a component of contextual performance, involving an employee's ability to adapt to changing circumstances. Counterproductive performance, on the other hand, refers to behaviors that harm the organization.
Step-by-step explanation:
Contextual performance refers to the behaviors and actions of an employee that go beyond their regular job duties and contribute to the overall effectiveness of the organization. One component of contextual performance is adaptive performance, which refers to an employee's ability to adapt to changing circumstances and handle new tasks or challenges. This involves being flexible, proactive, and resourceful.
In-role performance, on the other hand, refers to the performance of the tasks and responsibilities that are part of an employee's formal job description. This includes completing assigned tasks, meeting deadlines, and achieving performance goals.
Counterproductive performance is the opposite of contextual performance. It includes behaviors that are harmful or disruptive to the organization, such as stealing, excessive absenteeism, or spreading false rumors. Therefore, the correct answer is B) Adaptive performance, as it is one component of contextual performance.