Final answer:
The Bantu peoples had a numerical advantage due to their advanced agricultural and Iron Age technological practices which facilitated widespread settlement and culturally and economically influential kingdoms across sub-Saharan Africa.
Step-by-step explanation:
The numerical advantage of the Bantu peoples was rooted in their successful agricultural practices and Iron Age technological advancements, which allowed them to settle and expand into various regions of sub-Saharan Africa that were less populated by hunter-gatherers. With efficient farming techniques enabled by their iron tools, the Bantu could sustain larger populations, which contributed to their ability to disperse widely and establish dominant cultures within these regions.
These inherent advantages in farming and technology led to the creation of numerous strong Bantu kingdoms, which later became influential centers of trade and culture. The Bantu migrations, thus, had a profound impact on the demographic, economic, and cultural landscapes of sub-Saharan Africa, shaping it into a region filled with rich linguistic diversity and advanced socio-political structures rooted in Bantu foundations.