Final answer:
Historical foreign invasions have profoundly impacted Jerusalem, leading to the Jewish diaspora, the establishment of Crusader States, and enduring religious significance. The 20th-century partition of Palestine and creation of Israel sparked a long-standing conflict with repercussions that continue to affect the region today.
Step-by-step explanation:
The foreign invasions and their impacts on Jerusalem and the surrounding areas have shaped the region's history and the geopolitical landscape significantly. From the ancient Roman sieges and the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE to the subsequent dispersal of the Jewish population, known as the Jewish diaspora, the region has experienced continuous cycles of conflict and cultural transformation. The Crusades brought further bloodshed and establishment of Crusader States, demonstrating the enduring contention over this sacred space due to its deep significance to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
In the 20th century, the aftermath of the Holocaust and British control led to the UN decision to partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states in 1947, a plan that resulted in the displacement of thousands and the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. This period marked a substantial change as the Jewish homeland was reestablished after nearly two millennia, leading to wars with neighboring Arab countries and a lasting conflict over territory and the status of Palestinian refugees. Jerusalem's significance as a holy city has been at the heart of these disputes and remains a central issue in international diplomacy and peace efforts.