Final answer:
Leprosy is primarily transmitted through prolonged, close contact with an infected individual. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae and can be diagnosed through a skin biopsy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Leprosy is primarily transmitted from person to person through prolonged, close contact with an infected individual, such as through respiratory droplets. The disease primarily affects the skin and nerves, causing skin lesions, numbness, and deformities. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. Leprosy can be diagnosed through a skin biopsy, where the presence of the bacteria can be detected.