Final answer:
The Life Course Perspective is the sociological approach to aging that is holistic, multidisciplinary, and takes into account psychological, biological, and sociocultural factors across a lifetime.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the four major sociological approaches to aging, the Life Course Perspective is the one that is holistic, multidisciplinary, and conceptualizes aging in terms of psychological, biological, and sociocultural factors across a lifetime. Disengagement Theory (A), proposes that withdrawing from society is a natural part of aging, but it has been criticized for not allowing for variations in how individuals experience aging. Activity Theory (B), suggests that maintaining activities and roles is key to a satisfying old age. Continuity Theory (C), posits that elders should continue engaging in the same activities and roles for healthy aging. However, it is the Life Course Perspective (D) that fully encompasses the complex interplay of factors across an individual's life that influence the aging process.