Final answer:
Plutarch's techniques included classical rhetoric, biographical narratives, and moralistic commentary, emphasizing Greek cultural perspectives and the importance of knowledge in the elite Roman society.
Step-by-step explanation:
Plutarch, a Greek biographer and essayist, used various techniques in his writings, which combine both biographical and historical elements with moralistic and philosophical themes. His works provide insight into Greek and Roman culture, as well as the socio-political dynamics of the times. Plutarch utilized classical rhetoric and narrative to convey his perspectives and evaluations of historical figures and their actions. He wrote from a Greek cultural standpoint, as seen in his characterizations of Roman practices that Greeks might consider barbaric or unnatural. For instance, he found certain Roman religious customs like the punishment of Vestal Virgins and interpreting omens based on sacred chickens to be peculiar from his cultural viewpoint. Another technique Plutarch employed was commenting on public behavior, such as Pompey's emotional responses in stressful situations, which deviated from the traditional expectations of Roman stoicism. Plutarch also underscored the importance of Greek knowledge and linguistic ability, an essential element of the Roman elite, while describing Apuleius's defense of his Greek language competence to distinguish himself as a culturally superior Roman citizen.