Final answer:
B. Some civil rights leaders questioned Martin Luther King's non-violent philosophy. Stokely Carmichael and Malcolm X questioned Martin Luther King Jr.'s commitment to nonviolent protest, advocating for a more militant civil rights strategy in contrast to King's nonviolent methods like marches and sit-ins.
Step-by-step explanation:
Some civil rights leaders, like Stokely Carmichael and Malcolm X, challenged Martin Luther King Jr.'s commitment to nonviolent protest within the civil rights movement. Carmichael and others called for a more militant stance in the face of systemic racism and oppression, contrasting King's philosophy of nonviolence, influenced by the teachings of Mohandas Gandhi.
King's approach included nonviolent strategies such as marches, sit-ins, and boycotts to expose and challenge racial injustices, notably during events like the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Birmingham campaign, where he penned the famous "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" advocating for civil resistance. The divergence in strategies led to different factions within the movement, with some aligning with King's vision, while others sought alternative, more forceful, methods of achieving civil rights goals.
B. Some civil rights leaders questioned Martin Luther King's non-violent philosophy. Stokely Carmichael and Malcolm X, among others, advocated for a more confrontational approach and rejected King's commitment to nonviolent protest.
They believed that direct action and, if necessary, self-defense were more effective means of achieving civil rights goals. While King was a proponent of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, these leaders criticized what they perceived as the limitations of such strategies in the face of systemic racism and violence. Despite these differences, all these leaders shared the common goal of addressing racial inequality and injustice in the United States.