Final answer:
Franz Boas proposed cultural relativism as a departure from racist interpretations in anthropology. Cultural relativism emphasizes understanding cultural practices within their own context, without judgment. It was a shift away from social Darwinism.
Step-by-step explanation:
Franz Boas, often considered the father of anthropology, proposed cultural relativism as a departure from racist interpretations in the field. Cultural relativism is the belief that cultural practices should be understood within their own cultural context and not judged by external standards. This approach allowed Boas and other anthropologists to study and appreciate the diverse cultures of the world without imposing their own values or judgments. It was a shift away from social Darwinism, which promoted the idea of a hierarchy of cultures and races.