Final answer:
Marxism asserts that the motive for all social and political activities is grounded in the economic class struggle. The bourgeoisie's desire for profit and power drives exploitation of the proletariat, which Marx believed would lead to revolutionary change and the establishment of a classless society.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Marxism, the primary motive for all social and political activities is the economic and class struggle that exists within society. Karl Marx posited that historical events and social structures are predominantly influenced by material economic forces. Historical materialism is the underlying theory in Marxism that supports this notion, emphasizing that the economic base of a society determines its political and social superstructure.
Marx believed that conflicts between opposing social classes, specifically the bourgeoisie who possess the means of production and the proletariat whose labor is exploited, are at the core of societal evolution. The bourgeoisie are driven by profit maximization, resulting in the exploitation of the proletariat through the payment of wages that are lower than the value of produced goods. This capital accumulation by the bourgeoisie leads to increased wealth and political power, exacerbating class differences.
The Marxist perspective views the exploitation and subsequent class struggle as the impetus for revolutionary change. Marx predicted the overthrow of the capitalist system by the proletariat, leading to a socialist and, eventually, communist state where the means of production are collectively owned, aiming to dismantle class structures and create a classless society based on the principle 'From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs'.