Final answer:
Qualitative research methods include interviews, focus groups, and observations, which gather rich, subjective data. Surveys usually provide quantitative data but can also yield qualitative responses when open-ended questions are used.
Step-by-step explanation:
Qualitative research methods are designed to gather rich, detailed data about human experiences that are not easily quantifiable. Among the options provided, Option 3: Interviews, Option 4: Focus groups, and Option 2: Observations are all examples of qualitative research methods. Interviews and focus groups allow researchers to delve deep into individual and group perspectives, gaining insights into participants' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Observations enable researchers to record data in natural settings, understanding the context and meaning of interactions without relying on numerical data.
On the other hand, Option 1: Surveys can collect both qualitative and quantitative data depending on the types of questions asked. Open-ended questions in surveys can yield qualitative data by allowing for subjective, essay-type responses that reveal personal information and insights. It's essential to choose the research method that best aligns with the study objectives and provides the most meaningful understanding of the phenomena being studied.