Final answer:
The screw propeller was the invention incorporated in the USS Princeton in 1843 that paved the way for progress in the development of propulsion systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The invention that was incorporated in the USS Princeton in 1843 and paved the way for progress in the development of propulsion systems was the screw propeller. The screw propeller revolutionized ship propulsion by providing a more efficient and powerful means of propulsion compared to paddle wheels. It allowed ships to move through water with greater speed and maneuverability, making it a significant advancement in naval technology.