Final answer:
The correct name for an aqueous solution of HClO3 is chloric acid, which is option C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name given to an aqueous solution of HClO3 is chloric acid. This is part of a nomenclature system for naming oxyacids, where the presence of oxygen is denoted with the suffix '-ic' and the prefixes 'per-' and 'hypo-' are retained from the names of the oxyanions.
According to this system, HClO is hypochlorous acid, HClO2 is chlorous acid, HClO3 is chloric acid, and HClO4 is perchloric acid. Therefore, option C, chloric acid, is the correct answer.