Final answer:
An applicator can be harmfully exposed to pesticide by all of the above options: chronic, acute, and multiple exposures over time. All these options applies.
Step-by-step explanation:
An applicator may be harmfully exposed to pesticide by experiencing: D. All of the above, which includes accumulated chronic exposures, a single acute exposure, and several exposures over time.
Acute exposures can happen from a single and short-term very high level such as an accidental spill or intentional ingestion.
Chronic exposures are from long-term low-level contact, which could be through pesticide residues in air, water, or food. Finally, accumulated exposures over time, even if not at high levels initially, can still be harmful due to the buildup of pesticides within the body.
Long-term high-level exposure is a concern for workers such as pesticide formulators and manufacturers or those involved in extensive agricultural practices.
Residential and occupational settings with poor ventilation when handling pesticides increase the risk of inhalation exposures. Moreover, long-term health effects like non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, and other chronic illnesses are associated with prolonged exposure to pesticides.
It is citical to understand that people in different job roles and environments may experience different levels of pesticide exposure.
Most commonly, occupational exposure is through the skin, which can be enhanced by inhalation of fumes during activities such as greenhouse spraying.
Developing countries experience a higher rate of pesticide poisoning cases, largely due to weaker regulatory systems and lack of safety knowledge among farmers.
Conversely, in developed countries, regulation and control measures make acute pesticide poisoning less common, but long-term low-level exposure remains a concern.