Final answer:
An effective abductive argument offers the best explanation for the evidence, utilizing explanatory virtues such as being explanatory, simple, conservative, and having depth to ensure it provides a strong, logically valid hypothesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
A good abductive argument is one where the conclusion offers the best explanation for the evidence presented in the premises. It differs from inductive reasoning where the evidence is used to justify the conclusion. In contrast, abductive reasoning provides a hypothesis that explains the evidence.
To make an abductive argument stronger, several explanatory virtues should be present. The hypothesis should be explanatory, meaning it effectively accounts for the evidence. It should be simple, avoiding unnecessary complexities. Conservatism is another virtue where the hypothesis fits well with established knowledge. Lastly, having depth suggests the explanation gives insight into underlying structures or patterns.
By focusing on these strengths, a good abductive argument can be distinguished from weak or fallacious reasoning, such as an ad hominem attack, appeal to ignorance, or a biased sample, which can undermine the validity of the conclusion.