Final answer:
Sexual dimorphism is the term that refers to the physical and physiological differences between males and females, such as size and secondary sexual characteristics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to the physical and physiological differences between males and females is sexual dimorphism. This biological term encompasses the differences, beyond the reproductive organs, that can appear between males and females of the same species. Examples of sexual dimorphism include variations in size, coloration, or the presence of secondary sexual characteristics like the mane of a male lion or the brighter feathers of male birds compared to females. The concept of sexual dimorphism is distinct from gender identity, which is an individual's personal sense of their own gender, and sexual orientation, which is about to whom an individual is sexually attracted. It is also different from gender inequality, which refers to the disparities in power and rights experienced by different genders within a society.