Final answer:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed brain images. It is a safer option that doesn't involve ionizing radiation, and fMRI can track brain activity by observing blood flow and oxygen levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
The technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer images of structures within the brain is called Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This noninvasive medical imaging technique is superior for creating detailed images of internal tissues and organs. It involves a process where a person is placed inside a machine that creates a strong magnetic field, which causes the hydrogen atoms in the body to align with the field. When the magnetic field is switched off, these atoms return to their original positions, emitting radio signals in the process. These signals are then captured and used to generate a detailed image of the brain, displaying both its structure and functioning over time. Functional MRI (fMRI) is an advanced form of MRI technology that allows researchers to observe brain activity by tracking changes in blood flow and oxygen levels, offering insights into the functional differences between healthy individuals and those with psychological disorders. Unlike other imaging techniques, such as X-rays or CT scans, MRI does not expose the patient to ionizing radiation, making it a safer option for repeated scans.