Final answer:
The answer is A) Visual, individual, group. Single-subject designs prefer visual analysis of individual data patterns over group statistical analyses to determine treatment effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Single-subject designs rely on visual analysis of the individual data rather than group analysis of the data to make decisions about the significance of the treatment approach. The correct answer to the question is A) Visual, individual, group. Single-subject designs are often utilized in fields such as applied behavior analysis, education, and psychology, focusing on the effects of an intervention or treatment applied to a single case or subject over time. These designs emphasize the detailed examination of an individual's performance or behavior before, during, and after an intervention, making use of visual interpretation of data patterns rather than statistical analyses that are typically applied to group data.
In regards to the provided references, 'The scientist determines the average decrease in tumor size for the drug-treated group' would be considered descriptive statistics as it summarizes the data into an average measure. Furthermore, while both analytical and graphical methods have their own levels of accuracy, it is important to note that in the context of single-subject designs, graphical methods are preferred for data analysis. In the social sciences, researchers may use both qualitative and quantitative data depending on the nature of their studies and the specific methodologies employed.