Final answer:
In "Araby," the stagnant melancholy atmosphere of Dublin is established through symbolism, conveying decay and spiritual malaise that mirrors the protagonist's emotions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The literary technique used in "Araby" to set a stagnant melancholy atmosphere through the illustration of the city of Dublin is symbolism.
The description of the setting conveys a sense of stagnation and decay, resonating with the emotions and inner world of the protagonist. This aligns with the story's broader themes of awakening and disillusionment, central to James Joyce's narrative. Through symbolism, Joyce portrays Dublin as a city laden with paralysis and spiritual malaise, which reflects the protagonist's experience.