Final answer:
Effective temperature in a work environment is a measure that includes air temperature and other factors affecting comfort. More energy is required to maintain an indoor temperature of 22°C compared to 13°C when the outside temperature is 10°C. The emissivity of objects and thermal energy considerations are also important in maintaining comfortable temperatures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term effective temperature in a work environment typically refers to a combination of factors including air temperature, humidity, air movement, and radiant heat sources that influence an individual's perceptions of warmth or cold.
In order to maintain a comfortable environment at 22°C when the temperature outside is steady at 10°C, a building must be heated to overcome the temperature difference. This requires more energy than maintaining an indoor temperature of 13°C. The energy needed to maintain a given indoor temperature is also dependent on factors such as building insulation and heat retention characteristics.
The emissivity (e) of Earth, which is about 0.65 on average, plays a crucial role in the heat balance of the planet and thus the global climate. In a work environment, materials with different emissivities will absorb and radiate heat differently, contributing to the overall thermal comfort.
The thermal energy required to heat a substance is directly proportional to the mass, the temperature change, and the specific heat capacity of the substance. In a workplace, this principle dictates how much energy is needed to achieve and maintain a specific ambient temperature for comfort and safety.