Final answer:
The coarse, grating sound heard when the inflamed pleurae rub together during inspiration and expiration is known as a pleural friction rub, which is associated with the condition called pleurisy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The painful, adventitious sound described in the question when the pleurae become inflamed is known as a pleural friction rub. This condition arises when the visceral pleura, which covers the lung, and the parietal pleura, which lines the thorax, become inflamed due to conditions like pleurisy.
The inflammation leads to the loss of lubricating fluid in the intrapleural space, causing the pleurae to rub against each other during pulmonary ventilation, involving both inspiration and expiration. This produces a characteristic coarse, low-pitched, grating sound akin to rubbing leather, audible with a stethoscope.
The painful, adventitious sound that occurs when the pleurae become inflamed and lose their normal lubricating fluid is called pleural friction rub. This sound is characterized as a coarse, low-pitched, grating sound, similar to two pieces of leather being rubbed together, and can be heard on inspiration and expiration. Pleurisy, the inflammation of the pleural tissue layers, causes this condition.
Therefore answer is Option 4: Pleural friction rub.