Final answer:
The correct option is A) Psychoanalysis.
Sigmund Freud developed Psychoanalysis, a theory and method for treating mental disorders by accessing and confronting the unconscious mind through techniques like dream analysis and free association.
Step-by-step explanation:
Building on the work of Charcot and Janet, Sigmund Freud developed Psychoanalysis. The theory of psychoanalysis is founded on the principle that humans possess suppressed elements within their unconscious minds, and by confronting these elements, individuals can experience liberation. Freud's approach involved techniques such as dream analysis, slips of the tongue, and free association as methods to access the unconscious. His work also introduced the concepts of id, ego, and superego as components of the human psyche. These ideas were shared in his influential books, such as 'A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis' published in 1922.
Freud's psychoanalytic theory remained a prevailing force in clinical psychology for decades, despite the emergence of other significant perspectives such as behaviorism, cognitive therapy, and humanistic psychology. His notable focus on the unconscious and its relationship with various neuroses informed his psychoanalytical therapy, which was designed to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Freud's substantial impact on psychology illustrates his foundational role in how mental health is comprehended and treated.