Final answer:
Maximum heart rate is estimated by subtracting a person's age from 220 bpm, though the exact value can differ individually. The correct answer to the original question is Option A: Maximum heart rate is calculated as 220 - age, and the range is determined by adding or subtracting 10 bpm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The maximum heart rate (MHR) is estimated by subtracting a person's age from 220. This formula gives you an estimate of the highest heart rate an individual can safely reach during intense exercise. For instance, a 20-year-old individual would have an MHR of 200 beats per minute (bpm), as 220 - 20 = 200. This method is widely accepted as a rough guideline, but actual MHR can vary based on individual fitness levels and other factors.
It doesn't set upper and lower limits of the heart rate range; instead, target heart rate zones are typically defined as percentages of MHR However, this range part of the option is not entirely accurate in terms of exercise physiology, as the commonly used target heart rate zones are percentages of MHR, not a fixed bpm range.