Final answer:
The U.S had a system of dual federalism from 1789-1937, during which the states and national government had distinct spheres of authority.
Step-by-step explanation:
The period of time during which the U.S had a system of dual federalism is A) 1789-1937.
Under dual federalism, the states and national government exercise exclusive authority in distinctly delineated spheres of jurisdiction. This concept emerged in the late 1870s, when several Supreme Court rulings restricted attempts by both state and federal governments to overstep their boundaries.
The prevailing economic philosophy at that time also emphasized limited government interference in industrial development.