Final answer:
The student's question refers to Federalism, a system where the national government has certain responsibilities like building infrastructure, and the states handle most other affairs. This division of powers is constitutionally structured, allowing for a balance between central and state-level authority and governance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept described in the student's question most closely aligns with Federalism, which is a system of government where power is divided between a national government and various state governments. The mentioned responsibilities, such as building roads and promoting infrastructure, are typical federal-level duties in a federalist system, while other matters are handled by the states. This division allows states to cater to their specific needs, promote policy innovation, and yet remain under the umbrella of a united federal government that handles broader issues like national defense and interstate commerce.
Reviewing the correct answer to the review question provided: b. In a federal system, the constitution allocates powers between states and federal government; in a unitary system, powers are lodged in the national government is most accurate. It highlights the key difference between federal and unitary systems regarding the distribution of power.