Final answer:
The cornerstones of understanding health and medicine integrate values from functionalist perspectives, care ethics, and medicalization, while considering the influence of culture, community, and social justice.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cornerstones synthesize foundational values and beliefs from various theoretical perspectives to understand health, wellness, and medicine comprehensively. While the functionalist perspective regards health and illness as parts of a functioning society, care ethics emphasizes compassion and responsible decision-making in medical contexts. In contrast, the medicalization of health explores the growing domain of what is considered within the purview of the healthcare system, and the values therein may conflict with or complement traditional ethnomedical practices in different cultural contexts. Indeed, respect for community and diversity, as well as the social justice viewpoints, offer a collective approach to health that challenges the individualistic and competitive values of some western paradigms.